As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).

It relationships is especially good into the Shenzhen

Full, plus supporting evidence of an excellent dyadic replace, particularly in Shenzhen, i and discover supporting research to possess business change, just like the migrants will get married a district spouse (we.elizabeth., to make hukou intermarriage) since their knowledge grows. The outcome highly recommend a higher likelihood of hukou area-degree replace for non-college-knowledgeable migrants when you look at the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, however, a similar likelihood of hukou locality-studies exchange during these a couple of locations to possess university-knowledgeable migrants, and therefore aids Theory step 3 your down odds of hukou area-education replace during the Shanghai, compared to the Shenzhen, holds to own non-college-experienced migrants however to have college-educated migrants.

Predicated on Design 5 from Dining table 2 and you may Figure 2 , local spouses’ studies is not associated with the its journal-probability of hukou area intermarriage, and that matchmaking doesn’t disagree between them cities

So far, i have believed just intermarriage anywhere between natives and you can migrants, instead pinpointing between two hukou types. Within our try, residents was mainly urban hukou holders whereas migrants primarily keep rural hukou in both towns. Specifically, for the Shanghai, throughout the 85% out-of residents but only about 20% of migrants has actually metropolitan hukou. When you look at the Shenzhen, all the natives hold urban hukou, but only about thirty-five% away from migrants was metropolitan hukou people. Brand new health-related difference away from hukou type of between locals and you may migrants ways a possibility of hukou style of change contained in this inter-hukou-area ine whether hukou types of impacts all of our efficiency.

Earliest, i see new shipments out of hukou sorts of certainly one of intermarriages out of hukou locality. While the shown inside the Profile A1, over 50 % of the people where one or two partners disagree inside the hukou area mode homogamy with regards to hukou types of. This is certainly consistent with past results that most Chinese age hukou variety of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). A gender asymmetric pattern from hukou interong couples of an excellent migrant husband and you can a community partner, only eleven% try outlying-husband-urban-partner partners while 86% was metropolitan-husband-urban-partner partners. On the other hand, certainly lovers where spouse is an excellent Shanghai regional resident therefore the partner try a good migrant, 45% are urban-husband-rural-partner lovers. Put differently, when feminine which have Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they tend to marry metropolitan migrants, while dudes that have Shanghai hukou exactly who get married migrant women often wed rural migrants. For the Shenzhen, so it gender rosebrides legit development are smaller noticable: 26% of migrant-husband-local-wife people features a metropolitan partner and a rural partner, whereas several% off local-husband-migrant-spouse partners involve an urban husband and you may a rural partner. These conclusions advise that in Shanghai matrimony business, each other hukou area and you can hukou particular framework intermarriage activities, however in Shenzhen hukou variety of seems shorter very important. It then aids all of our findings on hukou burden being stronger into the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? _{Shenzhen*hukou homogamy} =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>